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Administrative divisions: 5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat).
Akhal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dasoguz Welayaty, Labap Welayaty (Turkmenabat),
Mary Welayaty
Note! Administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions
have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Population: 4,688,963 (July 2002 est.)
Nationality: noun: Turkmen(s) adjective: Turkmen
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t u r k m e n i s t a n |
Ethnic groups: Turkmen 77%; Uzbek 9.2%; Russian 6.7%; Kazakh 2%; other 5.1% (1995)
Languages: Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%; other 7%
Religions: Muslim 89%; Eastern Orthodox 9%; unknown 2%
Labour force: 2.34 million (1996)
By occupation:
agriculture: 48%
industry: 15%
services: 37% (1998 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Population below poverty line: 34.4% (2001 est.)
Agricultural products: Cotton, grain, livestock
Natural Resources: Petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt
Industries: Natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
GDP: Composition per sector:
agriculture: 27%
industry: 45%
services: 28% (2000 est.)
Environment - current issues: Contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides;
salination, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian
Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya
into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the
Aral Sea; desertification
Environment international agreements:
Partly to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous
Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
Signed, but not ratified: None
International Organization Participation: AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB,
IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU,
NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Currency: Turkmen Manat (TMM) Rate (per $US): 5,200 (January 2002-January 2000)>more
Time: GMT + 5
Telephony: Country code: 993. Area code for Ashgabat: 12. Outgoing international code: 810
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